Brigadas Internacionales

Columnas 1936

Columna Motorizada del POUM

Organización

… “In Madrid, the POUM’s rapidly organised Motorised Column of some 100 fighters and a few vehicles was commanded by the Argentinean Hipolyte Etchebéhère. He had been expelled from the Argentinean Communist Party in 1925, and was now a member of the French marxist group Que Faire? Etchebéhère led his poorly armed group of militiamen in a number of bloody clashes with the fascists before being killed on 16 August on the Atienza front north of the capital. He was to be the POUM militia’s first international martyr (20).”… http://www.fundanin.org/durgan1.htm

Banderas

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Composición principal

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Carácter político

Mayoría trotskista

Comandantes

Hipólito Etchebéhère

Mika Etchebéhère

Actividad

… “ The most important of these women fighters would be Mika Etchebéhère, wife of the first commander of the POUM’s Motorised Column in Madrid, Hipolyte Etchebéhère. Once the latter had been killed, Mika had joined as a combatant and was soon promoted to commander (Captain) of the Second Company of the party’s Lenin Battalion. Unlike their comrades in Aragon, there was no respite for the POUM’s meagre forces on the Madrid front which were decimated prior to being absorbed into the Popular Army at the beginning of 1937. Mika Etchebéhère first showed her qualities as a commander when she managed to lead the remnants of her troops out of Sigüenza cathedral after being besieged for ten days. Her company, the majority of whom were peasants from the POUM pre-war stronghold of Llerena in Extremadura, was then moved to the Madrid front where it fought with valour in the Pozuelo sector, sustaining once more heavy losses. By December, the Second Company  had been reduced to sixty fighters. The remaining POUM militia Company on the central front, the First, was subsequently “destroyed” at Pinar de Húmera in early January 1937. The remnants of this Company, along with the survivors of Etchebéhère’s,  became the Fourth Company in Cipriano Mera’s 38th Mixed Brigade and after heavy losses in a attack on the Cerro de Aguila in February, only eighty  combatants were left of the original POUM column in the central zone. Etchebéhère herself was incorporated onto the Brigade General Staff (43).”… http://www.fundanin.org/durgan1.htm

Integración / Desmovilización

38 Brigada Mixta

Observaciones

Biografías

Mica Feldman “Mika Etchebéhère” (Moisesville, Santa Fe, República Argentina, 1902 – París, 1992) Hija de padres rusos que habían llegado unos años antes a Argentina huyendo de los pogromos de la Rusia zarista, pasa la infancia oyendo los relatos de los revolucionarios rusos que se habían fugado de las cárceles siberianas. Comienza su militancia política en un grupo de mujeres anarquistas en la ciudad de Rosario, y a los 18 años va Buenos Aires a estudiar odontología. En ahí donde conocerá a Hipólito Etchebéhère, a quien se unirá hasta la muerte de éste en el frente de Guadalajara en 1936. En Argentina, Mika participa en el grupo editor de la revista Insurrexit, referente fundamental de la vanguardia política y cultural de su tiempo y, posteriormente, en Francia fundará Que Faire? junto con otros militantes del marxismo revolucionario. A principios de los años 30 viaja por Europa junto a Hipólito, siendo ambos testigos de la escalada del nazismo en Alemania. La pareja llega a Madrid en julio del 36, donde les sorprende el levantamiento militar. Partirán entonces hacia el frente de Guadalajara con la Columna Motorizada del POUM, de la que Hipólito es responsable. A la muerte de éste, Mika asumirá la responsabilidad de la columna, experiencia que se refleja en este libro. http://personal5.iddeo.es/arridi/mika.htm

Otros enlaces:

http://www.nodo50.org/despage/Nuestra%20Historia/75Aniversario/Mika%20Feldman/micafeldman.htm

http://www.fundanin.org/mika.htm

http://www.lahaine.org/index.php?blog=2&p=16069

Hipólto Etchebéhère (Argentina – Atienza, Guadalajara, 16 Agosto 1936)

http://www.fundanin.org/hip%F3lito.htm

Bibliografía

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Fotografías